Life and all work of Sarojini Naidu

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Name:-  Baraiya Priyanka .J

Enrollment No:- 2069108420170002

M.A Sem :- 1   

Roll no:- 28

Paper No:- 4   

Unit No:- 2

Topic:- Life and all work of Sarojini Naidu

College:- Department of English M.K.B.U.

Email:-priyankabaraiya8895@gmail.com

Renaissance in India ; Life and all work of Sarojini Naidu

Introduction:- Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad to Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay and Barada Sundari Devi on 13 February 1879. Her parental home was at Brahmangaon in Bikrampur (in present-day Bangladesh). Her father, Aghor Nath Chattopadhyaya, with a doctorate of Science from Edinburgh University, settled in Hyderabad, where he founded and administered Hyderabad College, which later became the Nizam's College in Hyderabad. Her mother, Barada Sundari Devi, was a poet and used to write poetry in Bengali.

Early life:- She was the eldest among the eight siblings. Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyaya was a revolutionary and her other brother,Harindranath was a poet, a dramatist, and an actor.

Naidu, having passed her matriculation examination from the University of Madras, took a four-year break from her studies. In 1895, the Nizam Scholarship Trust founded by the 6th Nizam, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, gave her the chance to study in England, first at King's College London and later at Girton College, Cambridge.

Naidu met Govindarajulu Naidu, a physician, and at the age of 19, after finishing her studies, she married him. At that time, Inter-caste marriages were not allowed, but her father approved the marriage.

The couple had five children. Her daughter, Padmaja, became the Governor of West Bengal. Padmaja was a part of the Quit India Movement.

Political career

Sarojini Naidu (extreme right) withMahatma Gandhi during Salt Satyagraha, 1930

Naidu joined the Indian national movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905. She came into contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.

During 1915–1918, she travelled to different regions in India delivering lectures on social welfare, women's empowerment and nationalism. She also helped to establish the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917. She was sent to London along with Annie Besant, President of WIA, to present the case for the women's vote to the Joint Select Committee.

 

Literary career

Sarojini Naidu began writing at the age of twelve. Her Persian play, Maher Muneer, impressed the Nawab of Hyderabad.

In 1905, her first collection of poems, named "The Golden Threshold" was published.^[12] Her poems were admired by many prominent Indian politicians like Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Her collection of poems entitled "The Feather of The Dawn" was edited and published posthumously in 1961 by her daughter Padmaja.

Golden Threshold

Golden Threshold in 2015

The Golden Threshold is an off-campus annexe of University of Hyderabad. The building was the residence of Naidu's father Aghornath Chattopadhyay, the first Principal of Hyderabad College. It was named after Naidu's collection of poetry. Golden Threshold now houses Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication of University of Hyderabad.

During the Chattopadhyay family's residence, it was the centre of many reformist ideas in Hyderabad, in areas ranging from marriage, education, women's empowerment, literature and nationalism.

Works

Each year links to its corresponding "year in poetry" article:

·         1905: The Golden Threshold, published in the United Kingdom

·         1912: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring, published in London

·         1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring, including "The Gift of India" (first read in public in 1915)

·         1916: Muhammad Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity

·         1943: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, Allahabad: Kitabistan, posthumously published

·         1961: The Feather of the Dawn, posthumously published, edited by her daughter, Padmaja Naidu

·         1971:The Indian Weavers

 

Poems

·         Damayante to Nala in the Hour of Exile

·         Ecstasy

·         The Indian Fantasy

·         Indian Dancers The Indian Gypsy

·         Indian Love-Song

·         In The Bazaars of Hyderabad

·         Indian Weavers

·         In Salutation to the Eternal Peace

·         In the Forest

·         Ramamuratham

·         Nightfall in the City of Hyderabad

·         Palanquin Bearers

·         The Pardah Nashin

·         Past and Future

·         The Queen's Rival

·         The Royal Tombs of Golconda

·         The Snake-Charmer

·         Song of a Dream

·         Song of Radha, The Milkmaid

·         The Soul's Prayer

·         Suttee

·         To a Buddha Seated on a Lotus

·         To the God of Pain

·         Wandering Singers

·         Street Cries

·         Alabaster

·         Autumn Song

·         Bangle Sellers

·         The Coromandal Fishers

·         To youth

·         By the ruler

Congress party president

In 1925, Naidu presided over the annual session of Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur).

In 1929, she presided over East African Indian Congress in South Africa. She was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British government for her work during the plague epidemic in India.^[10]

In 1930 during the salt satyagraha, she was one of the women protesters at the Dharsana salt works, Gujarat. Hundreds of satyagrahis were beaten by soldiers under British command at Dharasana. The ensuing publicity attracted world attention to the Indian independence movement and brought into question the legitimacy of British rule in India.

In 1931, she participated in the Round table conference with Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malaviya.

She played a leading role during the Civil Disobedience Movement and was jailed along with Gandhi and other leaders. In 1942, she was arrested during the "Quit India" movement.

Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication:-

The Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication^[8] started functioning from 1988–89 and offers Masters-level courses in Dance, Theatre Arts, Painting and Communication and Ph.D. programmes in Communication, Theatre Arts, and Dance

The University is indebted to the family of Sarojini Naidu for the bequest by the late Padmaja Naidu of the "Golden Threshold", where the University started functioning. In recognition of this gesture, the University started this School by naming it afterThe School provides courses of study in the disciplines of, Dance, Theatre Arts, Painting and Sculpture and Communication. It seeks to enlarge the scope of the academic programme so as to include other areas of artistic endeavor like music. The broad objective of the teaching programme is not only to explore the evolution and forms of arts, but also to bring about an integrated approach to the study of creativity. Sarojini Naidu to offer postgraduate and research programmes in the fields of arts and culture.

Sarojini Naidu Medical College

Institution is situated in Agra. Agra, an historical city is famous for its monuments of archeological importance, the major among which are Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, Fort and Fatehpur Sikri. The antiquity of Agra goes back to the prehistoric days and is said to have been associated with relics of Krishna, Kansa and Mahabharata. The name ‘Agra’ was coined after name of great saint Aangirus, but it was developed mainly during the reign of Emperor Akbar during the Mughal reign. S. N. Medical College itself is honored with the prestige of being one of the first three Medical Schools of the country, being established in year 1854, during the reign of British Empire. The history of this institute in face runs parallel with the evolution and development of Medical Education in the State of Uttar Pradesh. Lt. Governor Sir James Thomson was the founder of this school, who laid the foundation stone in year 1854. It was then named after him as Thomson School, and the main objective of its establishment was to produce Medical Assistants and training the Doctors for working in Indian Army, and to look after the health of Military personnel. The East India Company first made the plans of the school and the maintenance cost was also borne by it. The hospital attached to the Agra Medical School since 1854 was known as the Thompson Hospital. The first Principal of this School was Surgeon John Murray' (1854–58), and at that time rest of the staff of school consisted of two European Assistant Surgeons and two Indian Sub-assistant Surgeons.From 1872 onwards, civilian students were also started being admitted to the L.M.P. Course, which was later changed into L.S.M.F. by the U.P. State Medical Faculty. In 1883, a separate section for the training of the female students was established at the Lady Lyall Duuerin Hospital and the first batch consisting of four female students was admitted. This was abolished in 1942 and amalgamated with the Medical College. The newly added wards were named after the Principals of those times. Hilson ward was added to the Thomson Hospital in the year 1886. There used to be a single storied centrally situated building with carved curved arches and minarets. This building initially acted as the examination hall and a hall for holding the annual school functions. Subsequently it was utilized as the Medical School Library. This building even today houses the Central Library of the Medical College, of course, after having undergone some changes. Today this Central Library building stands sand-witched between the newer multistoried building complexes of the Medical College. Year 1939 was an important time for Agra Medical School, when it was upgraded to full-fledged Medical College for meeting the growing demands for qualified Doctors in the then United Provinces. The College then started awarding degree of M.B.B.S. of Agra University (now Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University) at the initiative of Smt. Vijay Laxmi Pandit, the then State Minister of Health. Lt. Col. J.C. Bharucha, IMS, was the Principal at the time of change over, and first batch of M.B.B.S. doctors passed out in the year 1944.

In 1947, the Medical College was renamed as Sarojini Naidu Medical College after the name of first Lady Governess of Uttar Pradesh, poet and freedom fighter, Bharat Kokila Smt. Dr. Sarojini Naidu. The name of the Thomson Hospital was also changed to Sarojini Naidu Hospital after attainment of independence. This college, soon after its inception, was recognized by the Medical Council of India in 1948 and the General Medical Council of Great Britain. The first batch of postgraduate M.D./M.S. students passed out in 1948.

Sarojini Naidu Medical College has an attached hospital with the name of Sarojini Naidu Hospital, which has indoor sections having 976 beds, with an admission of about 35,000 patients every year, and an outdoor section treating about 3,00,000 patients per annul.

Death and legacy:-

The ashes of Sarojini Naidu kept at Golden Threshold, Hyderabad before immersion

Sarojini Naidu died of a heart attack while working in her office in Lucknow on 2 March (Wednesday), 1949.

She is commemorated through the naming of several institutions including the Sarojini Naidu College for Women, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital and Sarojini Naidu School of Arts and Communication, University of Hyderabad.

Aldous Huxley wrote "It has been our good fortune, while in Bombay, to meet Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, the newly elected President of the All-India Congress and a woman who combines in the most remarkable way great intellectual power with charm, sweetness with courageous energy, a wide culture with originality, and earnestness with humor. If all Indian politicians are like Mrs. Naidu, then the country is fortunate indeed.